Classical Processing The Theory Of Classical Conditioning

Classical Conditioning was the process of conditioning that was discovered by Russian physiologist, Ivan Pavlov (Cherry, 2). â€Å"Classical conditioning is a type of learning that had amajor influence on the school of thought in psychology known as behaviorism† (Cherry, 2). â€Å"Behaviorism is based on the assumption that all learning occurs through interactions with the environment and the environment shapes behavior† (Cherry, 2). Classical conditioning involves pairing a neutral stimulus with an unlearned, natural stimulus that automatically elicits a reflexive response (Hockenbury, page 184). Special terms coined by Pavlov were used todescribe each element of the process (Hockenbury, page 184). â€Å"The natural stimulus that reflexively†¦show more content†¦There are two types of reinforcement, positive and negative, and they both affect how people will act in the future (Hockenbury, page 198). â€Å"Positive reinforcement involves that leads to a reinforcing or rewarding event† (Hockenbury, page 198). An example would be, a teacher gives her students a homework pass for every A they make on a test. â€Å"In contrast, negative reinforcement involves behavior that leads to the avoidance of or escape from an adverse or punishing event†(Hockenbury, page 198). An example would be putting on sunscreen before going out in the sun to avoid a sunburn. â€Å"Punishment is defined as the opposite of reinforcement since it is designed to weaken or eliminate a response rather than increase it† (McLeod). Just like reinforcement, there is also positive and negative punishment (Hockenbury, page 200). â€Å"Positive punishment, also called punishment by application, involves a response being followed by the presentation of an aversive stimulus† (Hockenbury, page 200). An example would be a dog jumping up on a visitor’s lap, and you swat him with a rolled-up newspaper (Hockenbury, page 201). Negati ve punishment, also called punishment by removal, involves the loss or withdrawal of a reinforcing stimulus following behavior (Hockenbury, pageShow MoreRelatedUnderstanding Of Different Learning Theories1092 Words   |  5 PagesDIFFERENT LEARNING THEORIES AND THEIR IMPLICATION AND APPLICATION TO e-LEARNING AND ONLINE LEARNING ABSTRACT: The aim of this paper is to explain the understanding of different learning theories and their implication and application to e-learning and online learning. 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